The fresh new onset of egg laying to possess hens try impacted by genotype, health human anatomy reputation and you can environment criteria. Local breeds (white eggshell breeds-Padovana and you will Polverara; shaded eggshell breeds-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and Robusta Lionata) in the Veneto region, inside the North Italy, was basically reared outside away from springtime (six months old; six WA) so you’re able to fall and you will cold temperatures. The newest onset of putting ranged with respect to the breed (22–twenty-eight WA): only the tinted eggshell breeds come putting at the conclusion of summer/start of fall, about presence off a reducing pure photoperiod, plus the eggs development survived for some months. At the 38 WA, artificial white are slowly set in the new photoperiod to get 14L:10D, as well as 42 WA, every half dozen types have been laying. For hens reared outside, interactions certainly one of ecosystem, looks times and you may health conditions should be thought about. The information toward active give and you can egg top-notch the newest local breed hens are of help toward handling of the brand new wild birds and also for an adequate supply of eggs, for both sector and for brooding throughout the year.
Abstract
The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>
step 1. Addition
During the last partners ages, interest in twin-objective chicken breeds could have been expanding, both for biodiversity and you may ethical questions. Given the improvements in hereditary developments to possess produce efficiency during the crossbreed hens done by several reproduction enterprises throughout the world , biodiversity happens to be among the secret prices from durability to own food and agriculture . This new moral influence on creature passion is a further important matter, hence takes into account not merely the fresh rearing conditions of your own wild birds however, along with its management. The brand new guys regarding egg layer hybrids are murdered immediately after hatching, because they do not do the simple increases and you will slaughtering quality requested to the industry . Also, crossbreed broilers inform you of numerous actual trouble, which do not allow them to enjoys high enough better-getting requirements, and totally free-range rearing assistance try broadening because they make it birds to better inform you the natural habits [step three,4]. For the Italy, the brand new Veneto region features a lengthy community out of poultry breeding, several poultry breeds have been popular for some many years, along with the middle of the final century, specific twin-goal purebreds are designed having fun with light- and you may brownish-eggshell breeds . The original character you to differentiates the new types, according to the supply, is the color of the eggshell, as poultry genotypes has another phylogenetic provider, having progressed separately throughout the nuts Gallus genus once domestication, and several human anatomy qualities differ between the two. After the group ideal by Ghigi, inside the 1905, this new residential chicken breeds shall be put into about three teams, considering its morphological, physical and you can functional features . There are types, that are particularly insane Gallus genus, demonstrating very early development and sexual maturity and you can a premier production of eggs which have white eggshells. To the contrary, you can find breeds extremely unlike crazy Gallus , proving postponed progress and you will sexual readiness, reasonable eggs creation having brown eggshells, and you can, on third category, there are intermediate types, called twin-objective types, hence let you know bästa webbplats för Costa Rica-datering advanced characteristics, with more resemblance towards the types belonging to the basic or second category . Indeed, it is known that the breeds promoting egg having light eggshells provides body progress, a metabolic character and you will anatomy even more suited to high eggs production than just brownish eggshell types. Which psychological standing, better exhibited from the light eggshell hybrids [eight,8], suggests that this new nutrient intake is employed for some of the skeletal and you will muscle growth before the onset of putting then employed for egg production, to prevent competition on the taken nutrients anywhere between looks advancement and you may egg development. Recently, education, according to SNP array, genotyped of numerous chicken breeds and you may hybrids throughout the world to evaluate brand new hereditary diversity anywhere between and in populations on the energetic management of chicken genetic info [nine,10]. Variations in genetic variety within the inhabitants had been found amongst the highly chose commercial level lines and several African, Southern area Western and several local Far-eastern and Western european breeds , as well as certain Italian types .